drwxrxrx root bin Apr : apache
rwxrr root sys Apr : asppp cf
第一位－指正式的文件
c 指字符设备每个磁盘的块大小为个字节
b 指块设备每个块设备的块的大小随着分区的大小变化但是UFS文件系统的每个块是k
Logical Disk Device Names
/dev/[ r] dsk/ c# t# d# s#
c#控制器号
t#通道号
d#驱动器号
s#分片号见下面的描述
－ Partition or (slice number) Valid numbersare －
Tag = UNASSIGNED = USR Describes the file system
= BOOT = BACKUP mounted on this partition
= ROOT = VAR
= SWAP = HOME
/etc/path_ to_ inst记录着启动时每个设备的实例名物理名
只在启动时读一下并被内核管理
prtconf
显示系统配置
系统文件的层次及含义
/ The root of the overall file system name space
/bin The directory location for standard system commands or binary files
/dev The primary location for logical device names
/devices The primary location for physical device names
/etc Host specific system administrative configuration files and databases
/export The default directory for commonly shared file systems
/home The default directory or mount point for users home directories
/kernel The directory of platform independent loadable kernel modules
required as part of the boot process
/opt The default directory or mount point for addon application packages
/platform The directory of platform dependent loadable kernel modules
/sbin Essential executables used in the booting process and in manual system
failure recovery
/tmp Temporary files; cleared during the boot sequence
/usr The directory for programs scripts and libraries used by all system users
/var The directory for varying files which usually includes temporary logging
or status files
/mnt A convenient temporary mount point for file systems
几种文件系统的含义及历史
UFS
UNIX file system based on the BSD Fast File system is the default diskbased file
system for the Solaris operating environment
?HSFS
High Sierra Rock Ridge and ISO file system Solaris HSFS is used on CDROMs
and provide all UFS file system features and file types
?PCFS
PC file system which allows read/ write access to data and programs on DOSformatted
disks written for DOSbased personalcomputers
?UDF
The UDF file system the industrystandard format for storing information on the optical
media technology called DVD (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc)
NetworkBased File Systems
?Networkbased file systems can be accessed over the network NFS is
the only available networkbased or distributed computing file system
Virtual File Systems
?Virtual file systems are memorybased file systems that provide access
to special kernel information and facilities
The Cache File System
?The Cache File System (CacheFS) can be used to improve performance
of remote file systems or slow devices such as CDROM drives When a
file system is cached the data read from the remote file system or CD
ROM is stored in a cache on the local system
The Temporary File System
?The Temporary File System (TMPFS) uses local memory for file system
reads and writes which is typically much faster than a UFS file system
?TMPFS use the swap space on a disk
The Process File System
?The Process File System (PROCFS) resides in memory It contains a list
of active processes by process number in the /proc directory
The Loopback File System
?The Loopback File System (LOFS) lets you create a new virtual file
system so you can access files by using an alternative path name
磁盘基本概念
Lable( VTOC)
?Volume Table of Content No disk sector( B)
Boot block
?Stores the procedures used in booting the system
?The boot block is left blank if a file system not to be used for booting
?In the next disk sectors
Superblock
?Detailed information ablout the file system
?Size and status of file system
?Date and time of the last update
?Cylinder group size
?Number of date blocks in cylinder group
?Path name and last mount point
?In the next disk sectors
Inode
?All information about a file except its name which is kept in a directory
?An inode is byte
Type of the file ( File/ Directory/ Block special/ Character special/ Symbolic link/ pipe/ Socket)
The mode of the file( readwriteexecute permissions)
读磁盘的 VTOC 信息
# prtvtoc /dev/ rdsk/ ctds
PROM的概念
PROM
?Each Sun system has a boot PROM chip This KB chip is typically located
on the same board as the CPU
?The main functions of the boot PROM are to test the system hardware and
boot the operating system
Number of hard link
User ID and group ID
Number of bytes of the file
An array of data block address
The date and time of the file
Data block
?The rest of the space allocated to the file system
?By default KB block size KB fragment size
NVRAM的概念
?The NVRAM is KB of nonvolatile random access memory This is a
pluggable chip that is often located on the main system board
?The NVRAM stores the Ethernet address host ID and the TOD clock A
single lithium battery within the NVRAM module provides battery backup
for the NVRAM and clock
?The NVRAM module also contains the EEPROM for the parameters that
have been changed or customized from the boot PROMdefault parameters
settings
?The userinterface commands and device aliases are stored in the NVRAM
sun 机器的启动过程
Prom>Run Post>Prom Load bootblk>Bootblk Load ufsBoot>ufsboot loads / bit kernel
>Kernel initializes Load modules start init process >start run rc scripts
bit kernel
/platform/ uname m/ kernel/ genunix
/platform/ uname m/ kernel/ unix
bit kernel
/platform/ uname m/ kernel/ sparcv/ genunix
/platform/ uname m/ kernel/ sparcv/ unix
Module directories
/kernel
/usr/ kernel
/platform/ uname m/ kernel
/platform/ uname i/ kernel
sun 的运行级别
Level Powerdown state
Level S or s Singleuser state 单用户状态挂上所有的文件系统
Level Administrative state 管理员状态
Level Multiuser state 多用户状态运行大部分服务不运行NFS服务
Level Multiuser state with NFS resources shared 多用户状态运行全部服务
Level Alternative multiuser state 通常不支持
Level Powerdown state
Level Reboot state
看当前的运行级别
who r
The /etc/inittab 记录了启动的级别
内容格式
id: rstate: action: process
s: : wait:/ sbin/ rc >/ dev/ msglog <> /dev/ msglog | |
|___________|__ Run levels to which this entry applies
|
|______运行脚本
启动运行脚本
所有的运行脚本在/sbin下的rc rc rc rc rc rc rc等目录下每个脚本目录针
