游标是SQL的一个内存工作区由系统或用户以变量的形式定义游标的作用就是用于临时存储从数据库中提取的数据块
Oracle数据库的Cursor类型包含三种 静态游标分为显式(explicit)游标和隐式(implicit)游标REF游标是一种引用类型类似于指针
测试数据
create table student(sno number primary keysname varchar())
declare i number:=;
beginwhile i<=
loop
insert into student(snosname) values (iname||to_char(i))
i:=i+;
end loop;
end;
隐式游标属性
SQL%ROWCOUNT 整型代表DML语句成功执行的数据行数
SQL%FOUND 布尔型值为TRUE代表插入删除更新或单行查询操作成功
SQL%NOTFOUND 布尔型与SQL%FOUND属性返回值相反
SQL%ISOPEN 布尔型DML执行过程中为真结束后为假
declarebegin update student set sname =name||to_char(sno*) where sname=name;
if sql%found then
dbms_outputput_line(name is updated)
else
dbms_outputput_line(没有记录)
end if;
end;
declare
begin
for names in (select * from student) loop
dbms_outputput_line(namessname)
end loop;
exception when others then
dbms_outputput_line(sqlerrm)
end;
显式游标属性
%ROWCOUNT 获得FETCH语句返回的数据行数
%FOUND 最近的FETCH语句返回一行数据则为真否则为假
%NOTFOUND 布尔型 与%FOUND属性返回值相反
%ISOPEN 布尔型 游标已经打开时值为真否则为假
对于显式游标的运用分为四个步骤
a 定义游标 Cursor [Cursor Name] IS;
b 打开游标 Open [Cursor Name];
c 操作数据 Fetch [Cursor name];
d 关闭游标 Close [Cursor Name];
典型显式游标
declare cursor cur_rs is select * from student; sinfo student%rowtype;
begin open cur_rs;
loop
fetch cur_rs into sinfo;
exit when cur_rs%%notfound;
dbms_outputput_line(sinfosname)
end loop;
exception when others then
dbms_outputput_line(sqlerrm)
end;
带参数open的显式cursor:
declare cursor cur_rs(in_name varchar) is select *
from student where sname=in_name;
begin for sinfo in cur_rs(sname) loop
dbms_outputput_line(sinfosname)
end loop;
exception when others then
dbms_outputput_line(sqlerrm)
end;
使用current of语句执行update或delete操作
declare
cursor cur_rs is select * from student for update;
begin for sinfo in cur_rs loop
update student set sname=sname||xx where current of cur_rs;
end loop;
commit;
exception when others then
dbms_outputput_line(sqlerrm)
end;
REF游标用于处理运行时才能确定的动态sql查询结果利用REF CURSOR可以在程序间传递结果集(一个程序里打开游标变量在另外的程序里处理数据)
也可以利用REF CURSOR实现BULK SQL提高SQL性能
REF CURSOR分两种Strong REF CURSOR 和 Weak REF CURSOR
Strong REF CURSOR: 指定retrun typeCURSOR变量的类型必须和return type一致
Weak REF CURSOR: 不指定return type能和任何类型的CURSOR变量匹配
运行时根据动态sql查询结果遍历
create or replace package pkg_test as
type student_refcursor_type is ref cursor return student%rowtype;
procedure student_rs_loop(cur_rs IN student_refcursor_type)
end pkg_test;
create or replace package body pkg_test as
procedure student_rs_loop(cur_rs IN student_refcursor_type) is
std student%rowtype;
begin loop
fetch cur_rs into std;
exit when cur_rs%NOTFOUND;
dbms_outputput_line(stdsname)
end loop;
end student_rs_loop;
end pkg_test;
declare stdRefCur pkg_teststudent_refcursor_type;
begin for i in loop
dbms_outputput_line(Student NO= || i)
open stdRefCur for select * from student where sno=i;
pkg_teststudent_rs_loop(stdRefCur)
end loop;
exception when others then dbms_outputput_line(sqlerrm)
close stdRefCur;
end;
使用FORALL和BULK COLLECT子句利用BULK SQL可以减少PLSQL Engine和SQL Engine之间的通信开销提高性能
加速INSERT UPDATE DELETE语句的执行也就是用FORALL语句来替代循环语句
加速SELECT用BULK COLLECT INTO 来替代INTO
create table
student_tmp as select sno
sname from student where =;
删除主键约束 alter table student drop constraint SYS_C;
执行两遍插入 insert into student select * from student where sno=;
declare cursor cur_std(stdid studentsno%type) is select sno
sname from student where sno=stdid;
type student_table_type is table of cur_std%rowtype index by pls_integer;
student_table student_table_type;
begin
open cur_std()
fetch cur_std bulk collect into student_table;
close cur_std;
for i in unt loop
dbms_outputput_line(student_table(i)sno ||
|| student_table(i)sname)
end loop;
forall i in student_tablefirststudent_tablelast
insert into student_tmp values(student_table(i)sno student_table(i)sname)
commit;
end;
清理实验环境 drop table student purge; drop package pkg_test;